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The time trade-off is a method for valuing health states in which respondents are asked how much time in full health they would regard as equivalent to a longer period in a given, poorer health state, the ratio of the two durations yielding the utility of that state. By requiring respondents to give up length of life to escape poorer health, it captures the strength of their preferences in an intuitive way that many find easier than the standard gamble, since it does not involve probabilities. It is one of the principal techniques used to derive the utilities that underpin quality-adjusted life years, including the values behind preference-based measures such as the EQ-5D. Its results can be affected by attitudes to time and by how the task is framed, which are recognised methodological considerations.

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